这篇文章主要介绍“Vue3 computed和watch源码分析”的相关知识,小编通过实际案例向大家展示操作过程,操作方法简单快捷,实用性强,希望这篇“Vue3 computed和watch源码分析”文章能帮助大家解决问题。
computed
computed和watch在面试中经常被问到他们的区别,那么我们就从源码的实现来看看他们的具体实现
// packages/reactivity/src/computed.ts
export function computed<T>(
getterOrOptions: ComputedGetter<T> | WritableComputedOptions<T>,
debugOptions?: DebuggerOptions,
isSSR = false
) {
let getter: ComputedGetter<T>
let setter: ComputedSetter<T>
const onlyGetter = isFunction(getterOrOptions)
if (onlyGetter) {
getter = getterOrOptions
setter = __DEV__
? () => {
console.warn('Write operation failed: computed value is readonly')
}
: NOOP
} else {
getter = getterOrOptions.get
setter = getterOrOptions.set
}
// new ComputedRefImpl
const cRef = new ComputedRefImpl(getter, setter, onlyGetter || !setter, isSSR)
if (__DEV__ && debugOptions && !isSSR) {
cRef.effect.onTrack = debugOptions.onTrack
cRef.effect.onTrigger = debugOptions.onTrigger
}
// 返回ComputedRefImpl实例
return cRef as any
}
可以看到computed内部只是先处理getter和setter,然后new一个ComputedRefImpl返回,如果你知道ref API的实现,可以发现他们的实现有很多相同之处
ComputedRefImpl
// packages/reactivity/src/computed.ts
export class ComputedRefImpl<T> {
public dep?: Dep = undefined // 存储effect的集合
private _value!: T
public readonly effect: ReactiveEffect<T>
public readonly __v_isRef = true
public readonly [ReactiveFlags.IS_READONLY]: boolean = false
public _dirty = true // 是否需要重新更新value
public _cacheable: boolean
constructor(
getter: ComputedGetter<T>,
private readonly _setter: ComputedSetter<T>,
isReadonly: boolean,
isSSR: boolean
) {
// 创建effect
this.effect = new ReactiveEffect(getter, () => {
// 调度器执行 重新赋值_dirty为true
if (!this._dirty) {
this._dirty = true
// 触发effect
triggerRefValue(this)
}
})
// 用于区分effect是否是computed
this.effect.computed = this
this.effect.active = this._cacheable = !isSSR
this[ReactiveFlags.IS_READONLY] = isReadonly
}
get value() {
// the computed ref may get wrapped by other proxies e.g. readonly() #3376
// computed ref可能被其他代理包装,例如readonly() #3376
// 通过toRaw()获取原始值
const self = toRaw(this)
// 收集effect
trackRefValue(self)
// 如果是脏的,重新执行effect.run(),并且将_dirty设置为false
if (self._dirty || !self._cacheable) {
self._dirty = false
// run()方法会执行getter方法 值会被缓存到self._value
self._value = self.effect.run()!
}
return self._value
}
set value(newValue: T) {
this._setter(newValue)
}
}
可以看到ComputedRefImplget的get实现基本和ref的get相同(不熟悉ref实现的请看上一章),唯一的区别就是_dirty值的判断,这也是我们常说的computed会缓存value,那么computed是如何知道value需要更新呢?
可以看到在computed构造函数中,会建立一个getter与其内部响应式数据的关系,这跟我们组件更新函数跟响应式数据建立关系是一样的,所以与getter相关的响应式数据发生修改的时候,就会触发getter effect 对应的scheduler,这里会将_dirty设置为true并去执行收集到的effect(这里通常是执行get里收集到的函数更新的effect),然后就会去执行函数更新函数,里面会再次触发computed的get,此时dirty已经被置为true,就会重新执行getter获取新的值返回,并将该值缓存到_vlaue。
小结:
所以computed是有两层的响应式处理的,一层是computed.value和函数的effect之间的关系(与ref的实现相似),一层是computed的getter和响应式数据的关系。
注意:如果你足够细心就会发现函数更新函数的effect触发和computed getter的effect的触发之间可能存在顺序的问题。假如有一个响应式数据a不仅存在于getter中,还在函数render中早于getter被访问,此时a对应的dep中更新函数的effect就会早于getter的effect被收集,如果此时a被改变,就会先执行更新函数的effect,那么此时render函数访问到computed.value的时候就会发现_dirty依然是false,因为getter的effect还没有被执行,那么此时依然会是旧值。vue3中对此的处理是执行effects的时候会优先执行computed对应的effect(此前章节也有提到):
// packages/reactivity/src/effect.ts
export function triggerEffects(
dep: Dep | ReactiveEffect[],
debuggerEventExtraInfo?: DebuggerEventExtraInfo
) {
// spread into array for stabilization
const effects = isArray(dep) ? dep : [...dep]
// computed的effect会先执行
// 防止render获取computed值得时候_dirty还没有置为true
for (const effect of effects) {
if (effect.computed) {
triggerEffect(effect, debuggerEventExtraInfo)
}
}
for (const effect of effects) {
if (!effect.computed) {
triggerEffect(effect, debuggerEventExtraInfo)
}
}
}
watch
watch相对于computed要更简单一些,因为他只用建立getter与响应式数据之间的关系,在响应式数据变化时调用用户传过来的回调并将新旧值传入即可
// packages/runtime-core/src/apiWatch.ts
export function watch<T = any, Immediate extends Readonly<boolean> = false>(
source: T | WatchSource<T>,
cb: any,
options?: WatchOptions<Immediate>
): WatchStopHandle {
if (__DEV__ && !isFunction(cb)) {
warn(...)
}
// watch 具体实现
return doWatch(source as any, cb, options)
}
function doWatch(
source: WatchSource | WatchSource[] | WatchEffect | object,
cb: WatchCallback | null,
{ immediate, deep, flush, onTrack, onTrigger }: WatchOptions = EMPTY_OBJ
): WatchStopHandle {
if (__DEV__ && !cb) {
...
}
const warnInvalidSource = (s: unknown) => {
warn(...)
}
const instance =
getCurrentScope() === currentInstance?.scope ? currentInstance : null
// const instance = currentInstance
let getter: () => any
let forceTrigger = false
let isMultiSource = false
// 根据不同source 创建不同的getter函数
// getter 函数与computed的getter函数作用类似
if (isRef(source)) {
getter = () => source.value
forceTrigger = isShallow(source)
} else if (isReactive(source)) {
// source是reactive对象时 自动开启deep=true
getter = () => source
deep = true
} else if (isArray(source)) {
isMultiSource = true
forceTrigger = source.some(s => isReactive(s) || isShallow(s))
getter = () =>
source.map(s => {
if (isRef(s)) {
return s.value
} else if (isReactive(s)) {
return traverse(s)
} else if (isFunction(s)) {
return callWithErrorHandling(s, instance, ErrorCodes.WATCH_GETTER)
} else {
__DEV__ && warnInvalidSource(s)
}
})
} else if (isFunction(source)) {
if (cb) {
// getter with cb
getter = () =>
callWithErrorHandling(source, instance, ErrorCodes.WATCH_GETTER)
} else {
// no cb -> simple effect
getter = () => {
if (instance && instance.isUnmounted) {
return
}
if (cleanup) {
cleanup()
}
return callWithAsyncErrorHandling(
source,
instance,
ErrorCodes.WATCH_CALLBACK,
[onCleanup]
)
}
}
} else {
getter = NOOP
__DEV__ && warnInvalidSource(source)
}
// 2.x array mutation watch compat
// 兼容vue2
if (__COMPAT__ && cb && !deep) {
const baseGetter = getter
getter = () => {
const val = baseGetter()
if (
isArray(val) &&
checkCompatEnabled(DeprecationTypes.WATCH_ARRAY, instance)
) {
traverse(val)
}
return val
}
}
// 深度监听
if (cb && deep) {
const baseGetter = getter
// traverse会递归遍历对象的所有属性 以达到深度监听的目的
getter = () => traverse(baseGetter())
}
let cleanup: () => void
// watch回调的第三个参数 可以用此注册一个cleanup函数 会在下一次watch cb调用前执行
// 常用于竞态问题的处理
let onCleanup: OnCleanup = (fn: () => void) => {
cleanup = effect.onStop = () => {
callWithErrorHandling(fn, instance, ErrorCodes.WATCH_CLEANUP)
}
}
// in SSR there is no need to setup an actual effect, and it should be noop
// unless it's eager or sync flush
let ssrCleanup: (() => void)[] | undefined
if (__SSR__ && isInSSRComponentSetup) {
// ssr处理 ...
}
// oldValue 声明 多个source监听则初始化为数组
let oldValue: any = isMultiSource
? new Array((source as []).length).fill(INITIAL_WATCHER_VALUE)
: INITIAL_WATCHER_VALUE
// 调度器调用时执行
const job: SchedulerJob = () => {
if (!effect.active) {
return
}
if (cb) {
// watch(source, cb)
// 获取newValue
const newValue = effect.run()
if (
deep ||
forceTrigger ||
(isMultiSource
? (newValue as any[]).some((v, i) =>
hasChanged(v, (oldValue as any[])[i])
)
: hasChanged(newValue, oldValue)) ||
(__COMPAT__ &&
isArray(newValue) &&
isCompatEnabled(DeprecationTypes.WATCH_ARRAY, instance))
) {
// cleanup before running cb again
if (cleanup) {
// 执行onCleanup传过来的函数
cleanup()
}
// 调用cb 参数为newValue、oldValue、onCleanup
callWithAsyncErrorHandling(cb, instance, ErrorCodes.WATCH_CALLBACK, [
newValue,
// pass undefined as the old value when it's changed for the first time
oldValue === INITIAL_WATCHER_VALUE
? undefined
: isMultiSource && oldValue[0] === INITIAL_WATCHER_VALUE
? []
: oldValue,
onCleanup
])
// 更新oldValue
oldValue = newValue
}
} else {
// watchEffect
effect.run()
}
}
// important: mark the job as a watcher callback so that scheduler knows
// it is allowed to self-trigger (#1727)
job.allowRecurse = !!cb
let scheduler: EffectScheduler
if (flush === 'sync') {
// 同步更新 即每次响应式数据改变都会回调一次cb 通常不使用
scheduler = job as any // the scheduler function gets called directly
} else if (flush === 'post') {
// job放入pendingPostFlushCbs队列中
// pendingPostFlushCbs队列会在queue队列执行完毕后执行 函数更新effect通常会放在queue队列中
// 所以pendingPostFlushCbs队列执行时组件已经更新完毕
scheduler = () => queuePostRenderEffect(job, instance && instance.suspense)
} else {
// default: 'pre'
job.pre = true
if (instance) job.id = instance.uid
// 默认异步更新 关于异步更新会和nextTick放在一起详细讲解
scheduler = () => queueJob(job)
}
// 创建effect effect.run的时候建立effect与getter内响应式数据的关系
const effect = new ReactiveEffect(getter, scheduler)
if (__DEV__) {
effect.onTrack = onTrack
effect.onTrigger = onTrigger
}
// initial run
if (cb) {
if (immediate) {
// 立马执行一次job
job()
} else {
// 否则执行effect.run() 会执行getter 获取oldValue
oldValue = effect.run()
}
} else if (flush === 'post') {
queuePostRenderEffect(
effect.run.bind(effect),
instance && instance.suspense
)
} else {
effect.run()
}
// 返回一个取消监听的函数
const unwatch = () => {
effect.stop()
if (instance && instance.scope) {
remove(instance.scope.effects!, effect)
}
}
if (__SSR__ && ssrCleanup) ssrCleanup.push(unwatch)
return unwatch
}