PostgreSQL时间处理的一些常用方式总结

寻技术 PostgreSQL 2023年07月11日 152

1.获取当前时间

now()函数:

select now();

current_timestamp,同now():

select current_timestamp;

select current_time;

select current_date;

可以去掉now()、掉后面的+8等:

select now()::timestamp(0)without time zone;
select current_timestamp::timestamp(0)without time zone;

2.date_part函数

语法:DATE_PART(field, source), filed可以理解为要截取的类型。

下面是filed支持的类型:

CENTURY,世纪,获取日期所在的世纪:

select date_part('CENTURY', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13');
select date_part('CENTURY', now());

MILLENNIUM,千年

select date_part('MILLENNIUM', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');

YEAR,年份域

select date_part('YEAR', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');

MONTH,对于timestamp数值,它是一年里的月份数(1-12);对于interval数值,它是月的数目,然后对12取模(0-11)

select date_part('MONTH', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');

select date_part('month', interval '2 years 5 months')

DAY,日期里的天,值是1-31:

select date_part('day', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13');
select date_part('day', now());

HOUR,小时(0-23)

select date_part('HOUR', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13');

MINUTE,分钟域(0-59)

select date_part('MINUTE', TIME '2022-12-16 13:21:15');

SECOND,秒域,包括小数部分(0-59[1])

select date_part('SECOND', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');

MICROSECONDS,秒域(包括小数)乘以 1,000,000

select date_part('MICROSECONDS', TIME '2022-12-16 13:21:15');

MILLISECONDS,秒域(包括小数)乘以 1,000

select date_part('MILLISECONDS', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');

DECADE,年份域除以10:

select date_part('DECADE', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13');

DOW,星期号(0-6;星期天是0) (仅用于timestamp)

select date_part('DOW', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13');
select date_part('DOW', now());

DOY,一年中的第几天(1 -365/366) (仅用于 timestamp)

select date_part('DOY', TIMESTAMP '2022-12-16 12:21:13');

QUARTER,该天所在的该年的季度(1-4)(仅用于 timestamp)

select date_part('QUARTER', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');

WEEK,该天在所在的年份里是第几周。

select date_part('WEEK', timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15');

3.extract()函数

使用语法:extract (field from source),field 支持的类型,和date_part()函数一样

select extract ('year' from timestamp '2022-12-16 13:21:15')

4.日期格式化函数

to_char(timestamp, text),把时间戳转换成字串

select to_char(now(), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') 

to_date(text, text) 把字串转换成日期

select to_date('05 Dec 2022', 'DD Mon YYYY')

to_timestamp(text, text) ,把字串转换成时间戳

select to_timestamp('05 Dec 2022', 'DD Mon YYYY')

5.时间运算

select date '2001-09-28' + integer '7';
select date '2001-09-28' + interval '1 hour';
select date '2001-09-28' + time '03:00';
select interval '1 day' + interval '1 hour';
select timestamp '2001-09-28 01:00' + interval '23 hours';
select time '01:00' + interval '3 hours';
select - interval '23 hours';
select date '2001-10-01' - date '2001-09-28';
select date '2001-10-01' - integer '7';
select date '2001-09-28' - interval '1 hour';
select time '05:00' - time '03:00';
select time '05:00' - interval '2 hours;
select timestamp '2001-09-28 23:00' - interval '23 hours';
select interval '1 day' - interval '1 hour';
select timestamp '2001-09-29 03:00' - timestamp '2001-09-27 12:00';
select interval '1 hour' * double precision '3.5';
select interval '1 hour' / double precision '1.5';

6.计算时间差

select now() + interval '10 min/year/month/day/hour/sec/ (1 year 1 month 1 day 1 hour 1 min 1 sec)'
select now() - interval '10 min/year/month/day/hour/sec/ (1 year 1 month 1 day 1 hour 1 min 1 sec)'
select now()::timestamp(0)without time zone-interval '72 hour'
select  extract(day from now() - '2001-09-27 12:00') from  user ;

总结

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