SpringBoot统一响应格式及统一异常处理

寻技术 JAVA编程 / 其他编程 2023年07月11日 73

在我们开发SpringBoot后端服务时,一般需要给前端统一响应格式,方便前端调试及配置错误提示等等。这篇文章讲讲实际工作中统一响应格式及统一异常处理是如何做的。

一、统一响应基础类

在项目中对应工具类或Vo层来创建我们的统一响应类

image.png

ResponseResult:

import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonInclude;
import com.zhang.enums.AppHttpCodeEnum;
import java.io.Serializable;
@JsonInclude(JsonInclude.Include.NON_NULL)
public class ResponseResult<T> implements Serializable {
    private Integer code;
    private String msg;
    private T data;
    public ResponseResult() {
        this.code = AppHttpCodeEnum.SUCCESS.getCode();
        this.msg = AppHttpCodeEnum.SUCCESS.getMsg();
    }
    public ResponseResult(Integer code, T data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.data = data;
    }
    public ResponseResult(Integer code, String msg, T data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
        this.data = data;
    }
    public ResponseResult(Integer code, String msg) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
    }
    public static ResponseResult errorResult(int code, String msg) {
        ResponseResult result = new ResponseResult();
        return result.error(code, msg);
    }
    public static ResponseResult okResult() {
        ResponseResult result = new ResponseResult();
        return result;
    }
    public static ResponseResult okResult(int code, String msg) {
        ResponseResult result = new ResponseResult();
        return result.ok(code, null, msg);
    }
    public static ResponseResult okResult(Object data) {
        ResponseResult result = setAppHttpCodeEnum(AppHttpCodeEnum.SUCCESS, AppHttpCodeEnum.SUCCESS.getMsg());
        if (data != null) {
            result.setData(data);
        }
        return result;
    }
    public static ResponseResult errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum enums) {
        return setAppHttpCodeEnum(enums, enums.getMsg());
    }
    public static ResponseResult errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum enums, String msg) {
        return setAppHttpCodeEnum(enums, msg);
    }
    public static ResponseResult setAppHttpCodeEnum(AppHttpCodeEnum enums) {
        return okResult(enums.getCode(), enums.getMsg());
    }
    private static ResponseResult setAppHttpCodeEnum(AppHttpCodeEnum enums, String msg) {
        return okResult(enums.getCode(), msg);
    }
    public ResponseResult<?> error(Integer code, String msg) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = msg;
        return this;
    }
    public ResponseResult<?> ok(Integer code, T data) {
        this.code = code;
        this.data = data;
        return this;
    }
    public ResponseResult<?> ok(Integer code, T data, String msg) {
        this.code = code;
        this.data = data;
        this.msg = msg;
        return this;
    }
    public ResponseResult<?> ok(T data) {
        this.data = data;
        return this;
    }
    public Integer getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    public void setCode(Integer code) {
        this.code = code;
    }
    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }
    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }
    public T getData() {
        return data;
    }
    public void setData(T data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
}

里面还有用到一个响应的枚举类AppHttpCodeEnum,接下来我们创建这个枚举类

二、响应枚举类

image.png

AppHttpCodeEnum:

public enum AppHttpCodeEnum {
    // 成功
    SUCCESS(200, "操作成功"),
    // 登录
    NEED_LOGIN(401, "需要登录后操作"),
    NO_OPERATOR_AUTH(403, "无权限操作"),
    SYSTEM_ERROR(500, "出现错误"),
    USERNAME_EXIST(501, "用户名已存在"),
    PHONENUMBER_EXIST(502, "手机号已存在"), EMAIL_EXIST(503, "邮箱已存在"),
    REQUIRE_USERNAME(504, "必需填写用户名"),
    CONTENT_NOT_NULL(506, "评论内容不能为空"),
    FILE_TYPE_ERROR(507, "文件类型错误"),
    USERNAME_NOT_NULL(508, "用户名不能为空"),
    NICKNAME_NOT_NULL(509, "昵称不能为空"),
    PASSWORD_NOT_NULL(510, "密码不能为空"),
    EMAIL_NOT_NULL(511, "邮箱不能为空"),
    NICKNAME_EXIST(512, "昵称已存在"),
    LOGIN_ERROR(505, "用户名或密码错误");
    int code;
    String msg;
    AppHttpCodeEnum(int code, String errorMessage) {
        this.code = code;
        this.msg = errorMessage;
    }
    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }
}

一般我们在这个枚举类中管理需要响应的错误codemsg

三、统一响应格式使用

在对应的controller或者service里面使用统一响应类

image.png

  • 成功: ResponseResult.okResult()
  • 失败: ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.SYSTEM_ERROR), 参数传入我们定义的响应枚举类

四、统一异常处理

1. 自定义异常

为什么我们需要自定义异常?因为在某些情况下,我们需要返回我们自定义的响应格式非常不方便,如在处理用户鉴权或token校验的时候,因为像这些部分我们一般都是在单独的工具类中去处理,这时候如果报错其实就可以抛出我们自定义的异常,交由我们全局的异常处理去统一返回响应。

  • exception包下新建SystemException
  • SystemException继承RuntimeException

具体实现代码如下

exception.SystemException:

import com.jk.enums.AppHttpCodeEnum;
public class SystemException extends RuntimeException{
    private int code;
    private String msg;
    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }
    public SystemException(AppHttpCodeEnum appHttpCodeEnum) {
        super(appHttpCodeEnum.getMsg());
        this.code = appHttpCodeEnum.getCode();
        this.msg = appHttpCodeEnum.getMsg();
    }
}

目前只是自定义了异常,我们还需要对自定义的异常进行处理,返回统一的响应格式。

2.异常处理

  • handler.exception包下新建GlobalExceptionHandler处理类
  • @RestControllerAdvice是组合注解,由@ControllerAdvice@ResponseBody组成,标明是一个统一异常处理的类,并把返回结果封装在ResponseBody
  • @Slf4jLombok实现日志输出的注解
  • @ExceptionHandler标明该方法处理哪些异常

具体代码实现如下:

handler.exception.GlobalExceptionHandler:

import com.jk.enums.AppHttpCodeEnum;
import com.jk.exception.SystemException;
import com.jk.vo.ResponseResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;
@RestControllerAdvice
@Slf4j
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
    @ExceptionHandler(SystemException.class)
    public ResponseResult systemExceptionHandler(SystemException e) {
        log.error("出现了异常! {}", e);
        return ResponseResult.errorResult(e.getCode(), e.getMsg());
    }
    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseResult exceptionHandler(Exception e) {
        log.error("出现了异常! {}", e);
        return ResponseResult.errorResult(AppHttpCodeEnum.SYSTEM_ERROR.getCode(), e.getMessage());
    }
}

可以看到我们除了处理自定义异常SystemException外,还对Exception就是其他我们无法预料到的异常做了一个兜底。

3.自定义异常使用

在需要抛出异常的地方:

throw new SystemException(AppHttpCodeEnum.LOGIN_ERROR);

前端接收到的响应是:

{
    "code": 505,
    "msg": "用户名或密码错误"
}

这样就比接收到500错误也不知道错误原因好多了。

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