C#读写xml文件的方法是什么

寻技术 C#编程 2023年07月11日 83

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    C#写入xml文件

    1、XmlDocument

    1。我认为是最原始,最基本的一种:利用XmlDocument向一个XML文件里写节点,然后再利用XmlDocument保存文件。
    首先加载要写入的XML文件,但是如果没有的,就要新建,在新建的过程中,要有写入的代码;

    XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
                try
                {
                    doc.Load("new.xml");
                }
                catch
                {
                    XmlTextWriter xtw = new XmlTextWriter("new.xml", Encoding.UTF8);
                    //新建XML文件        
                    xtw.WriteStartDocument();
                    xtw.WriteStartElement("gnode");
                    // gnode根节点                 
                    xtw.WriteStartElement("myxm1");
                    // gnode根节点下的元素myxmls             
                    xtw.WriteEndElement();
                    xtw.WriteEndElement();
                    xtw.WriteEndDocument();
                    xtw.Close();
                    doc.Load("new.xml");
                }
                XmlNode xn = doc.DocumentElement;
                //找到根节点     
                XmlElement xe = doc.CreateElement("myxml2");
                //在根节点下创建元素,如果是属性,则用XmlAttribute; 
                xe.InnerText = "薪薪代码hahaha";
                //给子节点写入文本节点(值)     
                xn.AppendChild(xe);
                //根节点将其纳入         
                doc.Save("new2.xml");
                //利用XmlDocument保存文件
            }

    注意点:在新建根节点的时候,WriteStartElement,只能嵌套,也就是只能有一个根节点。

    2、DataSet对象里的值来生成XML文件

    应用到数据库,将数据库的DataSet对象里的值来生成XML文件的元素;

    using (SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection("Server=.;DataBase=HGSTUDY;uid=sa;pwd=yao"))
                {
                    con.Open();
                    SqlCommand command = new SqlCommand("select * from GL_STUDY", con);
                    command.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
                    DataSet ds = new DataSet("DATASET");
                    //DATASET将成为XML文件中的根节点名称,否则系统将其命名为NewDataSet      
                    SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter();
                    sda.SelectCommand = command;
                    sda.Fill(ds, "DATATABLE");
                    //DATATABLE为所生成XML文件中的子节点名称,否则系统将其命名为Table。   
                    ds.WriteXml("dbxml.xml");
                    // DataSet的方法WriteXml将数据写入到XML文件,就是这么一句话。如果不保存到文件,直接ds.GetXML()      
                }

    3、利用XmlSerializer来将类的属性值转换为XML文件的元素值。

    用一个字符串作为一个XML文档中的xmlAttribute或xmlElement。[其元素或属性由类的定义来设置(xml串行化)]

    using System;System.xml.Serialization;

    先初始化一个类,设置属性值

    var xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
    //Create the xml declaration first
    xmlDoc.AppendChild(xmlDoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null));
    //Create the root node and append into doc
    var el = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Contacts");
    xmlDoc.AppendChild(el);
    // Contact
    XmlElement elementContact = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Contact");
    XmlAttribute attrID = xmlDoc.CreateAttribute("id");
    attrID.Value = "01";
    elementContact.Attributes.Append(attrID);
    el.AppendChild(elementContact);
    // Contact Name
    XmlElement elementName = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Name");
    elementName.InnerText = "Daisy Abbey";
    elementContact.AppendChild(elementName);
    // Contact Gender
    XmlElement elementGender = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Gender");
    elementGender.InnerText = "female";
    elementContact.AppendChild(elementGender);
    xmlDoc.Save("test1.xml");

    建XmlSerializer实例

    class XXX {  
                   XmlSerializer ser = new XmlSerializer(Type.GetType("forxml.truck"));   
                   Truck tr = new Truck();     
                   tr.ID = 1;    
                   tr.cheID = "赣A T34923";
               }

    Serialize方法–完成对类的串行化

    XmlTextWriter xtw = new XmlTextWriter("myxml.xml",Encoding.UTF8); 
    
            用XmlTextWriter 创建一个XML文件   
             ser.Serialize(xtw, tr);      
             //如果只想显示,可以直接ser.Serialize(Console.Out, tr);
    }

    xml常用方法:
    定义xml文档:XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
    初始化xml文档:xmlDoc.Load(“D:ook.xml”);//找到xml文件
    创建根元素:XmlElement xmlElement = xmlDoc.CreateElement(“”, “Employees”, “”);
    创建节点:XmlElement xeSub1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement(“title”);
    查找Employees节点:XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode(“Employees”);
    添加节点:xe1.AppendChild(xeSub1);
    更改节点的属性:xe.SetAttribute(“Name”, “李明明”);
    移除xe的ID属性:xe.RemoveAttribute(“ID”);
    删除节点title:xe.RemoveChild(xe2);

    示例:写入xml

    1、创建xml文档

    public void CreateXMLDocument()
    {
        XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();          
    //加入XML的声明段落,<?xml version="1.0" encoding="gb2312"?>
        XmlDeclaration xmlDeclar;
        xmlDeclar = xmlDoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "gb2312", null);
        xmlDoc.AppendChild(xmlDeclar);          
    
    //加入Employees根元素
        XmlElement xmlElement = xmlDoc.CreateElement("", "Employees", "");
        xmlDoc.AppendChild(xmlElement);        
    
    //添加节点
        XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");
        XmlElement xe1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Node");
        xe1.SetAttribute("Name", "薪薪代码");
        xe1.SetAttribute("ISB", "2-3631-4");        
    
    //添加子节点
        XmlElement xeSub1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("title");
        xeSub1.InnerText = "学习VS";
        xe1.AppendChild(xeSub1);
    
        XmlElement xeSub2 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("price");
        xe1.AppendChild(xeSub2);
        XmlElement xeSub3 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("weight");
        xeSub3.InnerText = "20";
        xeSub2.AppendChild(xeSub3);
    
        root.AppendChild(xe1);
        xmlDoc.Save("D:ook.xml");//保存的路径
    }

    生成的xml文件如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
    -<Employees>-
      <Node ISB="2-3631-4" Name="薪薪代码">
        <title>学习VS</title>-
        <price>
          <weight>20</weight>
        </price>
      </Node>
    </Employees>

    2 、增加节点

    XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();
    xmlDoc.Load("D:ook.xml");//找到xml文件
    XmlNode root = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode("Employees");//查找Employees节点
    XmlElement xe1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("Node2");//添加Node2节点
    xe1.SetAttribute("Name", "张飞");
    XmlElement xeSub1 = xmlDoc.CreateElement("title");//定义子节点
    xeSub1.InnerText = "心情好";
    xe1.AppendChild(xeSub1);//添加节点到Node2
    root.AppendChild(xe1);//添加节点到Employees
    xmlDoc.Save("D:ook.xml");

    结果:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
      -<Employees>
        -<Node ISB="2-3631-4" Name="薪薪代码">
          <title>学习VS</title>-
          <price>
            <weight>20</weight>
          </price>
        </Node>-
        <Node2 Name="张三">
          <title>心情好</title>
        </Node2>-
        <Node2 Name="张三">
          <title>心情好</title>
        </Node2>
    </Employees>

    3 、修改节点:

    public void ModifyNode()
    {
        XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
        xmlDocument.Load("D:ook.xml");
        XmlNodeList nodeList = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;//获取Employees节点的所有子节点
    
        foreach (XmlNode xn in nodeList)//遍历
        {
     XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;
     if (xe.GetAttribute("Name") == "薪薪代码")
     {
         xe.SetAttribute("Name", "薪薪");//更改节点的属性
    
         XmlNodeList xnl = xe.ChildNodes;//获取xe的所有子节点
         foreach (XmlNode xn1 in xnl)
         {
      XmlElement xe2 = (XmlElement)xn1;//将节点xn1的属性转换为XmlElement
      if (xe2.Name == "title")//找到节点名字为title的节点
      {
          xe2.InnerText = "今天天气不好";
      }
    
      if (xe2.Name == "price")
      {
          XmlNodeList xnl2 = xe2.ChildNodes;
          foreach (XmlNode xn2 in xnl2)
          {
       if (xn2.Name == "weight")
       {
           xn2.InnerText = "88";
       }
          }
      }
         }
     }
        }
    
        xmlDocument.Save("D:ook2.xml");
    }

    运行结果:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
    -<Employees>
    -<Node ISB="2-3631-4" Name="薪薪">
    <title>今天天气不好</title>-<price>
    <weight>88</weight>
    </price>
    </Node>
    -<Node2 Name="张三">
    <title>心情好</title>
    </Node2></Employees>

    4 、删除节点

    public void DeleteNode()
    {
        XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
        xmlDocument.Load("D:ook1.xml");
        XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode("Employees").ChildNodes;
    
        foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)
        {
     if (xn.Name == "Node")
     {
         XmlElement xe = (XmlElement)xn;//将xn的属性转换为XmlElement
         xe.RemoveAttribute("ID");//移除xe的ID属性
         XmlNodeList xnl2 = xe.ChildNodes;
         for (int i = 0; i < xnl2.Count; i++)
         {
      XmlElement xe2 = (XmlElement)xnl2.Item(i);
      if (xe2.Name == "title")
      {
          xe.RemoveChild(xe2);//删除节点title
      }
         }
     }
        }
        xmlDocument.Save("D:ook3.xml");
    }

    结果:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GB2312"?>
    -<Employees>
    -<Node ISB="2-3631-4" Name="薪薪">-<price>
    <weight>20</weight>
    </price>
    </Node>-
    <Node2 Name="张三">
    <title>心情好</title>
    </Node2>-
    <Node2 Name="张三">
    <title>心情好</title>
    </Node2>
    </Employees>

    c#读取xml文件

    xml文件如下:

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
    <configurationN>
        <ServerAddress>1143</ServerAddress>
        <ID>192.168</ID>
      </configurationN>

    在写入xml文件时,最主要使用了两个方法:Load和Save。

    Load:初始化xml文档,以便项目文件获取具体的xml节点的值。

    public void Load(string path)
    {
        try
        {
     XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
     xmlDocument.Load(path);
     XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(managerNode).ChildNodes;
     foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)
     {
         if (xn.Name == configuration_ServerAddress)
         {
      ServerAddress = xn.InnerText;
         }
     }
        }
        catch(Exception ex)
        { }
    }

    Save:在项目系统中进行修改配置文件值后,需要对xml进行重新保存

    public void Save(string path)
    {
        try
        {
     XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
     xmlDocument.Load(path);
     XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(managerNode).ChildNodes;
     foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)
     {
         if (xn.Name == configuration_ServerAddress)
         {
      xn.InnerText = ServerAddress;
         }
     }
    
     xmlDocument.Save(path);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        { }
    }

    此处将所有代码都贴出来,方便下次实现。因为项目是WPF文件,而且都是简单控件,所以只贴出后台代码。

    class ConfigurationManager:INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
            public const string managerNode = "configurationN";//根节点
            public const string configuration_ServerAddress = "ServerAddress";//子节点
            private string _ServerAddress;
            public string ServerAddress
            {
                get { return _ServerAddress; }
                set
                {
                    _ServerAddress = value;
                    NotifyPropertyChanged("ServerAddress");
                }
            }
    
            public void Load(string path)
            {
                try
                {
                    XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
                    xmlDocument.Load(path);
    
                    XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(managerNode).ChildNodes;
                    foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)
                    {
                        if (xn.Name == configuration_ServerAddress)
                        {
                            ServerAddress = xn.InnerText;
                        }
                    }
                }
                catch(Exception ex)
                { }
            }
    
            public void Save(string path)
            {
                try
                {
                    XmlDocument xmlDocument = new XmlDocument();
                    xmlDocument.Load(path);
    
                    XmlNodeList xnl = xmlDocument.SelectSingleNode(managerNode).ChildNodes;
                    foreach (XmlNode xn in xnl)
                    {
                        if (xn.Name == configuration_ServerAddress)
                        {
                            xn.InnerText = ServerAddress;
                        }
                    }
    
                    xmlDocument.Save(path);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                { }
            }
    
            public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
            private void NotifyPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
            {
                if (PropertyChanged != null)
                {
                    PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
                }
            }
    
            public static ConfigurationManager Instance = new ConfigurationManager();
    }
    
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
            public MainWindow()
            {
                InitializeComponent();
                Start();
                this.tb1.Text = ConfigurationManager.Instance.ServerAddress.ToString();
    
            }
            private string path = "CONFIGSystem.xml";
    
            private void button1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
                ConfigurationManager.Instance.ServerAddress = this.tb1.Text;
                ConfigurationManager.Instance.Save(path);
            }
    
            private void button2_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
            {
                Application.Current.Shutdown();
            }
    
            private void Start()
            {
                ConfigurationManager.Instance.Load(path);
            }
    }
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